What is hypotension? We often hear about hypertension, which is consistently high blood pressure. Hypotension, on the other hand, refers to persistently low blood pressure. At first glance, it might not seem dangerous. However, hypotension can be unpleasant and even cause serious health issues. Let’s delve into what hypotension is and its causes.
Understanding Hypotension
Blood pressure is the force with which blood pushes against the walls of blood vessels. A normal reading is about 120/80 mm Hg, with slight variations. In hypotension, blood pressure drops below 90/60 mm Hg. This means blood flow weakens, and the heart and blood vessels cannot supply enough blood to the body. As a result, the brain and other organs receive less oxygen, which affects their function and the person’s well-being.
Main Symptoms
- Weakness
- Dizziness
- Darkening of vision
- Fatigue
- Cold extremities
Types of Hypotension
- Primary Hypotension: A condition that arises on its own, often due to unknown reasons. It may simply be a person’s individual characteristics.
- Secondary Hypotension: This results from other health problems, such as heart issues or endocrine disorders.
- Orthostatic Hypotension: A sudden drop in blood pressure when changing positions quickly, such as standing up too fast.
Causes of Hypotension
Even without considering the reduced oxygen supply to organs, hypotension is troublesome. It increases the risk of fainting, particularly in stuffy environments, as the circulatory system struggles to deliver oxygen to the brain. Let’s explore the reasons behind hypotension.
Physiological Causes
Some individuals naturally have low blood pressure, which isn’t always a problem if they feel fine. Examples include:
- Heredity: A tendency toward low blood pressure can run in families.
- Athletic Training: In well-trained individuals, the heart works more efficiently, leading to slightly lower blood pressure.
Pathological Causes
Low blood pressure is often a sign of underlying health issues, such as:
- Heart Problems: Conditions like heart failure or arrhythmias can reduce blood pressure.
- Dehydration: Losing too much fluid decreases blood volume, leading to hypotension.
- Acute Bleeding: This dangerous condition rapidly reduces blood volume.
- Endocrine Disorders: For instance, thyroid or adrenal insufficiency can cause low blood pressure.
- Infections: Certain illnesses release toxins that weaken the body.
- Medications: Drugs used to lower blood pressure or calm the nervous system can sometimes result in hypotension.
External Factors
Environmental and lifestyle factors can also lower blood pressure:
- Sleep Deprivation: Lack of sleep prevents the body from fully recovering.
- Nutrition: A lack of vitamins, especially B12 or folic acid, impairs blood circulation.
- Stress: Prolonged tension exhausts the nervous system.
- Climate: Hot weather or sudden altitude changes (e.g., in mountains) can cause blood pressure to drop.

How to Diagnose Hypotension
It’s essential to determine whether low blood pressure is a cause for concern. Many people live with hypotension without knowing it, but if it’s accompanied by symptoms like weakness or dizziness, consult a doctor. Here’s how hypotension is usually diagnosed:
- Blood Pressure Measurement: A blood pressure monitor helps identify low readings.
- Symptom Discussion: Your doctor will ask about the frequency and severity of symptoms such as weakness and dizziness.
- Additional Tests: Blood tests, ECGs, or heart ultrasounds may be used to find the underlying causes.

Treatment for Hypotension
Treatment depends on the cause. For secondary hypotension, addressing the underlying condition is crucial, and only a doctor can prescribe appropriate therapies.
If low blood pressure isn’t linked to a serious health issue, these self-care strategies can help:
- Stay physically active with moderate exercise to strengthen your heart.
- Maintain a consistent sleep schedule with 7-8 hours of rest per night.
- Increase water intake, especially in hot weather.
- Eat small, frequent meals to maintain energy levels.
- Include protein-rich foods, vitamins, and minerals in your diet (e.g., fish, nuts, vegetables).
- Slightly increase salt intake if approved by your doctor, but avoid excess.
Managing Orthostatic Hypotension
If your blood pressure drops suddenly when standing, try these tips:
- Sit on the edge of the bed for a moment before standing up.
- Stay hydrated.
- Avoid sudden movements.
In general, following the broader recommendations for healthy blood pressure management can also help prevent orthostatic episodes.

Preventing Hypotension
Preventing hypotension involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, which benefits overall well-being and reduces the likelihood of low blood pressure. Here are a few simple tips:
- Stick to a Routine: Try to wake up and go to bed at the same time each day. Ensure you get enough sleep.
- Eat a Balanced Diet: Don’t skip meals, especially breakfast. Include nutrient-dense foods.
- Stay Active: Regular movement improves circulation, but avoid overexertion.
- Hydrate Well: Drink enough water, particularly during hot weather or exercise.
- Manage Stress: Practice relaxation techniques and take time to rest.
Hypotension: What to Do If Blood Pressure Drops – Video
Low blood pressure often raises many questions. Watch this video for practical advice:
Conclusion
Hypotension isn’t always a dangerous condition, but it can significantly affect your well-being. Understanding the causes and adopting a healthy lifestyle can help you manage or prevent low blood pressure. If you frequently feel weak, dizzy, or have other symptoms, don’t ignore them – consult a doctor. Make necessary lifestyle adjustments and prioritize your health. Remember, prevention is the best way to avoid many blood pressure-related problems!
Frequently Asked Questions About Hypotension
Hypotension is a condition where blood pressure falls below 90/60 mm Hg.
It can cause weakness, dizziness, fatigue, and sometimes blurred vision.
Drink water, rest with your legs elevated, and consult a doctor if symptoms persist.
A reading below 70/40 mm Hg is critical, as it can impair organ function.