What Is Psoriasis, How It Looks, and Its Main Causes and Symptoms

Psoriasis is a skin disease. It’s chronic, meaning it lasts a lifetime. But there are periods of flare-ups and remission (when symptoms nearly disappear). The disease is not contagious. You cannot catch it through touch or air. However, it’s not just a cosmetic issue. Damaged skin may itch, hurt, crack, and even bleed. The condition also affects mood and self-esteem.

Main Causes of Psoriasis

The causes of psoriasis remain a mystery. Scientists still don’t know exactly why it occurs. The most common theory is that it results from an immune system malfunction.

In healthy people, skin cells renew in about 28–30 days. With psoriasis, this process takes only 3–5 days. Because of this, the skin doesn’t mature properly. Instead, it accumulates as flaky patches, leading to inflammation, itching, and redness.

Main Causes of the Disease:

• Genetics. If a family member has psoriasis, your risk is higher.
• Stress. Strong emotional stress can trigger flare-ups.
• Infections. Illnesses like strep throat or flu can trigger psoriasis.
• Medications. Some drugs (such as beta-blockers or lithium) can cause or worsen psoriasis.
• Skin Injuries. Scratches, cuts, or sunburns can trigger flare-ups.
• Cold Weather. Winter flare-ups are common due to dry air and lack of sunlight.
• Alcohol and Smoking. These can make symptoms worse.

Each person has unique triggers. That’s why it’s essential to observe your body and understand what causes flare-ups for you.

Psoriasis – Main Symptoms

Psoriasis can look different from person to person, but some common symptoms include:

• Red Patches. They can be small or cover large areas of the skin. 
• Silvery or White Scales. Dead skin cells that don’t shed naturally.
• Dryness and Cracks. Sometimes, they may even bleed.
• Itching and Burning. For some, it’s very intense. The condition can cause severe discomfort.
• Pain. Especially when cracks form on the skin.
• Nail Changes. Nails can thicken, turn yellow, or become brittle.
• Hair Loss. This happens when the scalp is affected. Hair usually grows back after treatment.

Symptoms can be mild or severe. Some people have occasional flare-ups, while others experience symptoms constantly.

How Does Psoriasis Look?

Psoriasis appears differently depending on its type. The main types are:

• Plaque Psoriasis – The most common form. Red patches with white or silvery scales. Usually on elbows, knees, and back.
• Guttate Psoriasis – Small red spots all over the body. Often appears after an illness (like strep throat).
• Pustular Psoriasis – Pus-filled blisters on red skin. Can be very painful.
• Erythrodermic Psoriasis – Intense redness and peeling across most of the body. Rare but severe.
• Inverse Psoriasis – Smooth red patches in skin folds (armpits, groin, under the breasts).

Psoriasis can also affect nails. They may thicken, change color, or become brittle.

How Does Psoriasis Progress?

Psoriasis goes through different phases:

• Remission – Symptoms are minimal or almost gone.
• Flare-Up – Red patches, itching, and scaling appear.
• Severe Flare-Up – Large areas may be covered, with pain and even fever.

Sometimes, flare-ups last for weeks before improving. But for some people, symptoms never fully disappear.

Can Psoriasis Be Cured?

A complete cure is not possible. But you can control the disease and live without severe flare-ups.

Important! This article is for informational purposes only. Do not treat psoriasis on your own or with “home remedies.” This can make the condition worse. If you suspect psoriasis, see a doctor immediately.

Main Treatment Methods:

• Creams and Ointments – Contain hormones or other anti-inflammatory ingredients.
• Light Therapy – Treatment with ultraviolet (UV) light.
• Pills or Injections – In severe cases, immunosuppressants may be prescribed.

Proper Skin Care Is Also Important:

• Moisturizing – Creams and oils help prevent dryness and cracks.
• Warm Baths – Oatmeal or sea salt baths can reduce itching.
• Gentle Soap – Fragrance-free, chemical-free soap is best.

Lifestyle Changes Can Improve Psoriasis:

• Less Stress – Meditation, exercise, and walks can prevent flare-ups.
• Healthy Diet – More vegetables and fish, less alcohol and fatty foods.
• Sun Exposure in Moderation – UV light helps, but avoid sunburns.

What Is Psoriasis – Video

To learn more about psoriasis and its treatment, watch this interview with a dermatologist:

Conclusion

Psoriasis is not a life sentence. Yes, it’s a chronic disease. But with proper skin care and medical guidance, you can significantly reduce its impact.

The key is not to self-medicate. If you or a loved one has psoriasis, consult a dermatologist. They will help you find the right treatment and teach you how to manage the condition.

Frequently Asked Questions